Glaucoma Explained: Why It’s Called the Silent Sight Thief and How to Prevent It

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve. This nerve sends signals from your eye to your brain. Often, glaucoma happens when pressure builds up inside the eye. Because it usually develops slowly, many people do not notice symptoms at first. For this reason, glaucoma is often called the “silent sight thief.” Early detection is key to preventing vision loss from glaucoma.

Common Symptoms of Glaucoma

Most types of glaucoma do not cause pain or early warning signs. However, as the disease progresses, you may notice changes. For example, you might see:

Blurred vision

Loss of side (peripheral) vision

Halos around lights

Eye redness

Severe eye pain (in rare, sudden cases)

Nausea or vomiting (with sudden eye pain)

Because symptoms can be mild or absent, regular eye exams are important. Early signs may only be found by an eye specialist.

Causes and Risk Factors

Glaucoma can affect anyone, but some people have a higher risk. The main cause is increased pressure inside the eye. Yet, some people develop glaucoma even with normal eye pressure. Several factors can raise your risk, such as:

Age over 40

Family history of glaucoma

High eye pressure

Diabetes

Severe eye injury

Long-term use of steroid medicines

Being of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent

Because these risks add up, it is wise to talk to your doctor about your personal risk factors.

How Glaucoma is Diagnosed

Eye doctors use several tests to check for glaucoma. First, they measure the pressure inside your eye. Next, they look at the shape and color of your optic nerve. They may also test your side vision and take pictures of your eye. In some cases, doctors use special drops to see inside the eye more clearly. Regular eye exams help catch glaucoma early, even before symptoms appear.

Treatment Options for Glaucoma

Although glaucoma cannot be cured, treatment can slow or stop vision loss. The main goal is to lower eye pressure. Common glaucoma treatments include:

Prescription eye drops

Oral medicines

Laser therapy

Surgery (for severe cases)

Because each person is different, your eye doctor will choose the best treatment for you. Following your treatment plan helps protect your vision.

Tips for Prevention and Eye Health

While you cannot always prevent glaucoma, you can lower your risk. Here are some eye health tips:

Get regular eye exams, especially if you are over 40

Know your family history

Protect your eyes from injury

Manage health conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure

Use eye drops or medicines as prescribed

Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Exercise regularly, but avoid activities that raise eye pressure

Because early action makes a big difference, these steps can help you maintain healthy eyes.

When to See an Eye Specialist

If you notice any changes in your vision, do not wait. For example, sudden vision loss, eye pain, or halos around lights need quick attention. Even if you have no symptoms, regular eye exams are important. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss from glaucoma.

If you notice any changes in your vision, consult an eye specialist for personalized advice.